In Kürze
Das Brustkrebsstadium wird durch die TNM-Klassifikation bestimmt: T – Tumor, N – Lymphknoten, M – Metastasen. Die detaillierte TNM-Klassifikation gibt eine präzise Beschreibung der Tumorgröße, des Lymphknotenbefalls und der Metastasen, während der Malignitätsgrad (Grad) zeigt, wie schnell der Tumor wächst und sich ausbreitet.
T – Primärtumor
- Tis: Carcinoma in situ – eine Krebsvorstufe (DCIS oder Morbus Paget ohne Tumor).
- T1: Tumor bis zu 2 cm in größter Ausdehnung (mit Unterteilungen: T1mi Mikroinvasion ≤0,1 cm; T1a 0,1–0,5 cm; T1b 0,5–1,0 cm; T1c 1–2 cm).
- T2: Tumor 2 bis 5 cm in größter Ausdehnung.
- T3: Tumor größer als 5 cm.
- T4: Tumor jeder Größe, der direkt in die Brustwand oder die Haut infiltriert ist – einschließlich Infiltration der Brustwand (Rippen, Muskeln), Hautödem (Orangenhaut-Zeichen) oder Ulzeration, Satelliten-Hautknötchen in derselben Brust oder inflammatorisches Karzinom.
N – Metastasen in regionalen Lymphknoten
- N0: keine regionalen Lymphknotenmetastasen.
- N1: mobile Metastasen in ipsilateralen axillären Lymphknoten.
- N2: Metastasen in ipsilateralen axillären Lymphknoten, die miteinander oder mit anderen Strukturen verbacken sind, oder klinisch nachgewiesene interne Mammariaknoten ohne axillären Befall.
- N3: Metastasen in ipsilateralen internen Mammariaknoten und axillären Lymphknoten, infraklavikulären oder supraklavikulären Lymphknoten (N3a interne Knoten; N3b interne plus axilläre; N3c supraklavikuläre).
M – Fernmetastasen
M0: keine Fernmetastasen. M1: Fernmetastasen vorhanden (zum Beispiel in Lunge, Leber, Knochen oder Gehirn).
Was ist der Malignitätsgrad (Grad) von Krebs?
Der Grad zeigt, wie abnormal die Krebszellen aussehen und wie schnell der Tumor wahrscheinlich wachsen und sich ausbreiten wird. G1: gut differenziert – Zellen sehen relativ normal aus und wachsen langsam. G2: mäßig differenziert. G3: schlecht differenziert – Zellen sehen sehr abnormal aus und neigen dazu, schneller zu wachsen und sich auszubreiten.
Verwandtes Ergänzungsmittel
Chemotherapie unterdrückt die Immunität. Konzentrierte Pilz-Polysaccharide werden zur Aktivierung von NK-Zellen und Makrophagen untersucht.
Lentinan AXT von Zenius Labs™ →Häufig gestellte Fragen
Wie wird Brustkrebs eingeteilt?
Nach der TNM-Klassifikation: T (Tumorgröße), N (regionale Lymphknoten), M (Fernmetastasen). T reicht von Tis (in situ) bis T1–T4; N von N0 bis N3; M0 oder M1. Diese werden zu den Stadien 0–4 kombiniert.
Was bedeutet der Grad bei Brustkrebs?
Der Grad zeigt, wie abnormal die Zellen aussehen und wie schnell der Tumor wahrscheinlich wachsen wird: G1 (gut differenziert, langsam), G2 (mäßig), G3 (schlecht differenziert, schneller wachsend). Der Grad wird zusammen mit dem Hormonrezeptor- und HER2-Status verwendet.
Was ist ein Carcinoma in situ?
Ein Carcinoma in situ (Tis) ist eine Krebsvorstufe – wie z. B. DCIS (duktales Carcinoma in situ) oder die Paget-Krankheit ohne invasiven Tumor –, bei der sich anomale Zellen noch nicht in das umliegende Gewebe ausgebreitet haben.
Kann man das Immunsystem bei Brustkrebs unterstützen?
Ja. Eine Chemotherapie unterdrückt das Immunsystem. Konzentrierte Pilz-Polysaccharid-Extrakte werden auf ihre Rolle bei der Aktivierung von NK-Zellen und Makrophagen untersucht. Eine konzentrierte Multi-Extrakt-Formel wie Lentinan AXT von Zenius Labs™ ist vorzuziehen.
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